High granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell levels in the peripheral blood predict a better IVF treatment outcome

Objective: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been described as important immunosuppressive cells for maternal immune tolerance. The aim of this study was to detect whether there was any association between the peripheral blood MDSCs level and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcomes.

Methods: This prospective observational study randomly recruited 85 women who underwent IVF treatment from May 2016 to June 2016. The levels of peripheral blood granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC), monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) and their relations to IVF treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results: The circulating G-MDSC level was significantly increased in the clinical pregnant group when compared to that in the nonclinical pregnant group (p?=?.014), while M-MDSC had no significant difference. The G-MDSC level was an independent predictive factor for clinical pregnancy with odds ratios 12.7 (95% CI: 1.53–105.4, p?=?.018) when using multiple logistic regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under curve =?0.634) found the clinical pregnancy rate in women with G-MDSC >2.38% was higher than that in women below this level (96 versus 66.7%, p?=?.004). The high G-MDSC level in the peripheral blood was associated with clinical pregnancy, with a sensitivity of 37.5%, specificity of 95.2%.

Conclusion: High circulating G-MDSC level was associated with elevated clinical pregnancy rate. G-MDSC might be a new therapeutic target for better IVF treatment outcome.     

Celastrol inhibits microglial pyroptosis and attenuates inflammatory reaction in acute spinal cord injury rats

Pyroptosis pathway is closely related to inflammation. However, Celastrol effect on pyroptosis pathway after spinal cord injury (SCI) are poorly understood. We studied the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Celastrol on acute spinal cord injury in rats, and its anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ATP-induced microgliosis. Our results show that Celastrol can improve the recovery of hindlimb motor function after SCI in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and reduce the cavity area of spinal cord injury along with the neuronal loss. Celastrol simultaneously reduced the activation of microglia (especially M1 microglia) in the spinal cord, inhibited the pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3 ASC Caspase-1 GSDMD), reduced the release of TNF-α IL-1β and IL-18 inflammatory factors, and increased the release of IL10 cytokines. In vitro studies showed that Celastrol reduced the toxicity resulting from the administration of LPS with ATP to BV-2 cells, inhibited the pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3 Caspase-1 GSDMD), and inhibited the release of corresponding inflammatory factors. Finally, Celastrol can inhibit the expression of NFκB/p-p65 in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that Celastrol can attenuate the inflammatory response of the spinal cord after SCI, which is associated with inhibition of microglial activation and pyroptosis pathway. Further study to explore the use of Celastrol to treat SCI is warranted.     

Cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are a new type of drug for the treatment of diabetes, and they have been proven to have a good hypoglycemic effect. Several lines of clinical evidence have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can significantly reduce the risks of atherosclerosis, hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. Because of the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the heart and kidney, they are being studied for the treatment of heart failure and chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary for cardiologists, patients with diabetes, and nephrologists to fully understand this type of drug. In this review, we summarize the following three aspects of SGLT2 inhibitors: the recent clinical evidence of their cardiovascular benefits, their mechanisms of action, and their safety.     

中国脑血管病影像应用指南2019

影像技术在脑血管病诊疗和研究中的重要地位不言而喻。2016年中华医学会神经病学分会及其脑血管病学组发布了中国脑血管病影像应用指南。由于影像技术的迅猛发展以及临床应用的循证医学证据的不断涌现,旧版已经不能满足临床需要。在2019新版指南中,我们对大家已熟悉的应用领域进行了精简,重点介绍了CT和MRI应用的新领域以及一些新技术及其后处理的新方法,如脑出血血肿早期扩大的平扫CT征、高分辨血管壁MRI的应用、定量磁化率成像、血流动力学成像技术等,为临床和科研的应用提供有用的工具。     

情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养培训中的应用

目的 探讨情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能培训中的有效性.方法 将120例初产妇按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各60例,对照组采用传统模式对初产妇进行母乳喂养健康教育,观察组进行情景式健康教育,比较两组健康教育的效果.结果 观察组初产妇母乳喂养知识、技能掌握及实践能力显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01);产妇对健康教育效果的满意度显著优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 情景式健康教育可促进初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能的掌握,提高其实践能力;提高患者满意度,促进护患和谐.     

英国药师注册考试形式及内容介绍

目的:介绍英国药师注册考试的组织形式及试题内容,为完善我国药师资格考试体系建设提供参考。方法:通过查阅相关文献资料,分析英国药师注册考试形式与试题,探讨英国注册药师资格考试的方式及特点等。结果与结论:英国药师注册考试准入资格较为严格;考试形式灵活,题型及数量相对固定;考试内容以药学知识为主,尤其重视实践及实际应用能力的考查。提示我国应完善现有药师培训及考试体系,提高药师准入标准,严格管理。而药师资格考试应该在关注理论的同时更重视实践能力考查,建立更加科学、合理的考试模式。     

2%葡萄糖酸氯己定皮肤消毒液在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管维护中的应用

目的探讨2%葡萄糖酸氯己定皮肤消毒液在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)维护中的应用效果。方法 2013年5-9月便利选择南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院肿瘤中心行PICC置管并在门诊进行导管维护的肿瘤患者60例,按置管先后将其分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组按照传统方法消毒,观察组采用2%葡萄糖酸氯己定局部皮肤消毒2次,比较两组患者皮肤细菌学培养结果、导管相关性感染的发生情况、PICC维护时间及耗材成本。结果两组患者均随访4周,均未出现导管相关性感染;PICC维护耗材成本,观察组为1.45元/(例·次),对照组为0.74元/(例·次),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);贴膜下皮肤细菌学培养结果及PICC导管维护时间观察组均少于或短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论 2%葡萄糖酸氯己定皮肤消毒液应用于PICC维护,安全性高,效果好,且省时方便,有利于降低人力成本,提高临床工作效率。